A Comparison of the Dream in Death of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and Ame

The Dream in expiration of a Salesman, Ellis Island, and America and I The American moon is as varied as the people who populate America. The play The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the poem Ellis Island by Joseph Bruchac, and the poem America and I by Anzia Yezierska illustrate different perspectives of the American dream. All three authors show some lines of thought on what the freedom inherent in the American dream means. The authors clarify distinct ideas on the means to achieving the American dream. The authors also elucidate some different goals striven for in the dream for a better life. Diverse ideas on how freedom plays into the American dream, what actions are needed to achieve the American dream, and the goals of that dream are explained in the works of the three authors. The portion of American culture that makes the American dream possible is that of freedom of opportunity and self-determination. Opportunity in America means that people have a cha nce of making a honorable lives for themselves with proper guidance and strong wills. The character Willy Loman in The Death of a Salesman showed his faith in American opportunity when he thought of his brother Ben expression such comments as, Opportunity is tremendous in Alaska, William. Surprised youre not up there (Miller 45). Because Willy passed up opportunities, he felt that he had failed the American dream. In Ellis Island, the loudspeaker system portrays opportunity as the chance to do honest work and get rewarded for it. This idea is shown in the lines, Dreams Waiting for those whod worked a thousand years yet neer owned their own(Bruchac l. 11-13). Similarly, the poem America and I expressed the freedom of opportunity as a... ...or wrong. Different pictures of the American dream are displayed through The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, Ellis Island by Joseph Bruchac, and America and I by Anzia Yezierska. Although the dreams may vary in substance, the y are all rooted in American freedom, land, and desires. plant Cited Literature for Composition Essays, Fiction, Poetry, and Drama ed. Sylvan Barnet, Longman 2000 Bruchac, Joseph. Ellis Island, Sylvan Barnet, Literature for Composition Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York Penguin, 1949. Yezierska, Anzia. America and I. The Open Cage An Anzia Yezierska Collection. Ed. Alice Kessler-Harris. New York genus Persea Books, 1979. Rpt. in The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 4 ed. Vol. 2. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Comparing John Cheever’s The Swimmer and The Five-Forty-Eight Essay

Comparing John Cheevers The Swimmer and The Five-Forty-Eight Two stories by John Cheever, The Swimmer and The Five-Forty-Eight (5-48), will be explored in terms of how the characters, genre and point of view in these stories give rise to classic fiction. The Swimmer is of a suburban man, Neddy Merrill, who decides to return home from die by swimming eight miles through all of his neighbors pools along the way. At each pool he encounters a haomaer mistress, distant and unfriendly neighbours and early(a) symbols of a bitter, frustrated life. To Neddy, this is his epic days journey. However, when he arrives home, his family has left him. The swimmer has made it home but too much has changed. While 5-48 is about the protagonist, Blake, having an affair with the emotionally weak Dent. The story begins with Blake firing Dent and she in turn stalks him to the 5-48 with a gun. She gains her retaliate by making him kneel before her. Blakes humiliation is eff when she forces him to rub hi s face in the dirt. 5-48 is developed as a typical story with the two principal characters, Blake and Dent, very well developed. There is constant tautness from the point where Blake (depicted as egotistical, insensitive and in control) leaves the office to the train 5-48, all the while being pursued by Dent (the victim, who is emotionally weak, manipulated and cheated). Its chronological form simplifies the story and makes it a fast paced and delightful read. In addition, there is realism injected by actual places like the 5-48 train and Shady Hill, tired and cold relationships, betrayal, revenge and affairs that are so commonplace in society. Swimmer seems to be a painful reflection of his own life that was blighted by thoughtful al... ...s request for a drink or the idea of entertaining him or give him money. In retrospect after analyzing Cheevers The Swimmer and The Five-Forty-Eight, I intend that isolation stands out as the underlying theme for both stories although they ar e markedly different in plot and genre. Also these stories seem to be a poignant reminder of Cheevers personal life and to an extent a chapter of life in that period, although poverty, discrimination and adultery are still present directly and affect both you and me. Works CitedCheever, John. The Five-Forty-Eight. The Stories of John Cheever. New York Knopf, 1978.---------------. The Swimmer. The Stories of John Cheever. New York Knopf, 1978.Works ConsultedSlabey, Robert M. John Cheever The Swimming of America. Critical Essays on John Cheever. Ed. Robert G. Coolins. Boston Hall, 1982. 180-90.

client vs snow in august :: essays research papers

Character Development Comparison/Contrast (BR 2)One traumatic experience can alter the course of geniuss life. In Snow in August, the main character sees a brutal beating by the local bully, and from then on he is laboured to live in fear by never saying a word about what had happened. In The Client, almost the same conflict, the main character witnesses and is told important information from a lawyer, who mob ties, and commits suicide. With this he is also marked for death by the mobsters to ensure his silence. Perhaps the saying being at the wrong hind end and the wrong time got these two characters in a heap of trouble.In Snow in August, Michael changed when him and his bewilder were attacked by Frankie and the Falcons. They held Michael down and made him watch his mother get raped by Frankie. Michael fought his hardest but couldnt break loose. He said hurt me, it has nothing to do with my mother.(217) This showed Michaels bravery and respect. He repeated to shout out I won t publish no one, please stop. He would do anything to save his mother. Michael was never the same after that incident. He was in fog and would not leave his apartment building. He stopped meeting with the Rabbi, being an alter boy, and reading comic books. What happened to his mother traumatized him. In the second book I read, The Client, the young boy changes after he is threatened with a knife to his neck by someone in the mob, to stay silent. Before that, Mark, the young boy, was a joker and wasnt really serious about anything. The terrible incident between him and the guy in the mob changed Mark. He was now extremely panicked and confused. He couldnt trust anyone with the information he withheld. He decided to stay quiet and not to show his feelings. He was not joking or playing around anymore. This was a matter of life or death. In court he said I plead the 5th, which meant he wouldnt tell the judge anything. He was thinking about himself and his family, and how if he says a word he will be killed. These two books are connected for the reason that in both of these books a young boy holds information that will decide the fate of their life. Each boy saw something that they werent supposed to and were getting punished for it.

Imagination and Literature Essay -- Literature Essays Literary Critici

Imagination and Literature The importance and influence of imagination on the creation and critique of literature varies between and within various artistic eras. Originally seen as an aberrant function of the mind, imagination was subservient to the powers of reason and order. finesse involved mere replication of the real, a craft rather than an unique act of creation. Beginning as early as Aristotle, however, human imagination has been link up to the power and value of art. The ascendancy and, in some eras even superiority, of imagination as a potent mental faculty gave birth to new diminutive enterprises bent on articulating the manner, motivation, and merit embedded in art and the artistic process. By tracing the development of this basic literary concept, it may not be possible to discover a coherent and universal idea of imagination that has evolved throughout history. However, such an inquiry could lead to a better understanding of how the ideas and attitudes some imagin ation from one age enter into an informative and influential dialogue with others. From the rational and pragmatic critics of the Enlightenment to the expressive and Romantic critics of the Nineteenth Century, we can cast down to formulate a synthetic rather than absolute understanding of imagination. Though Aristotle first created room for imagination by expanding the expressions of a poet from the actual to the possible in accordance with the laws of probability or necessity, it was not until much later that the capacity and power of imagination was adequately explored. Imagination was seen as a turbulent, unpredictable, solely potentially beneficial force which must be refined and kept within the bounds of reason to pragmatic critic... ... each definition of imagination we dupe discussed struggles to be independent while simultaneously remaining intertwined to the preceding critical traditions. Works Cited Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Bibliographia Literaria The Critical Trad ition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York St. Martins Press, 1989. Hume David. Of the Standard Taste The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York St. Martins Press, 1989. Johnson, Samuel. Rambler, no(prenominal) 4 The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York St. Martins Press, 1989. ---. Rasselas, Chapter 10 The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York St. Martins Press, 1989. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. A Defence of Poetry The Critical Tradition. Ed., David H. Richter, New York St. Martins Press, 1989.

Homo Mensura-Philosophie: Analepse gegen Paralipse La Mettrie und die griechische Medizinphilosophi :: German Essays

homosexual Mensura-Philosophie Analepse gegen Paralipse La Mettrie und go through griechische Medizinphilosophie (iatros philosophos isotheos)ABSTRACT Philosophische Anthropologie teilt sich in Europa seit der Zeit der alten Griechen in zwei Richtungen die theologische (deus mensura) und die anthropologisch-medizinische (homo mensura)-Platon und Demokrit, Kant und La Mettrie. Fr beide Richtungen steht Paideia (Lernen, Formen, Bilden, Kultur, Humanitt) in Zentrum der Philosophie. Fr homo-mensura-Philosophie entscheidend ist Analepse (ungefiltertes Aufnehmen) im Gegensatz zur Paralipse (filterndes Auslassen). La Mettrie ist ein wichtiger Vertreter der homo-mensura-Philosopphie (lhomme machine-lhomme mesure). Als Darwinist (100 Jahre vor Darwin), fr den das Gehirn die mabsetzende lebendige Maschine ist, ist er Vorlufer einer evolutionren Philosophie. Homo-mensura-Philosophie ist (wie Thukydides, einer ihrer Vertreter, sagt) ein Besitz fr immer. In der europischen Philosophie gibt es s eit der Zeit der alten Griechen 2 Richtungen (Seiten , Schulen , Parteien, Traditionen ) die theologische und die (medizinisch-) anthropologische - Platon und Demokrit. In dem Satz iatros philosophos isotheos / ein philosophischer Arzt ist gottgleich (corpus Hippocraticum) ist die theologische Seite zugunsten der anthropologischen aufgehoben isotheos heit , dass man einen Gott nicht braucht . Klassisch hat dies Demokrit ausgedrckt Gesundheit erbitten fr sich die Menschen in Gebeten von den Gttern dass sie aber die Macht ber sie in sich selbst haben , wissen sie nicht . (234) (Paideia Sie mssen es lernen . ) Genau dasselbe bedeutet 2000 Jahre spter das Motto des Philosophenarztes Paracelsus Alterius non sit , qui suus esse potest . / Eines anderen (Sklave) sei nicht , wer sein eigener (Herr) sein kann . Das Stichwort fr diese Richtung ist HOMO MENSURA (Ma m, Mastab , Metrum , Dimension ) . Im Bereich der anthropologischen Philosophie ist Eklektizismus ein gegenstandsloser Vorwu rf . Im Gegensatz zum gttlichen berma ist menschliches Ma nachweisbar wer in welchem Zusammenhang den Nachweis fhrt , ist nebenschlich . Es geht um die Sache , nicht um Personen . Es geht um Philosophie , nicht um Philosophiegeschichte .Homo mensura (individuell und kollektiv) bedeutet , dass sich die Gegenstnde nach unserer Erkenntnis richten mssen . Kants vielgerhmter Kopernikus ist von Anfang an Grundlage der anthropologischen Philosophie . Das Ma ist das menschliche Gehirn , von La Mettrie Maschine genannt . (Ein 6./7./... Sinn ergbe eine andere Welt , eine 4./5./... Dimension.) Epiktet Nicht die Dinge beeinflussen die Menschen , sondern die Vorstellung von den Dingen. Was unermelich ist , ist dem Menschen nicht zugnglich , so z.

Homo Mensura-Philosophie: Analepse gegen Paralipse La Mettrie und die griechische Medizinphilosophi :: German Essays

military personnel Mensura-Philosophie Analepse gegen Paralipse La Mettrie und break in griechische Medizinphilosophie (iatros philosophos isotheos)ABSTRACT Philosophische Anthropologie teilt sich in Europa seit der Zeit der alten Griechen in zwei Richtungen die theologische (deus mensura) und die anthropologisch-medizinische (homo mensura)-Platon und Demokrit, Kant und La Mettrie. Fr beide Richtungen steht Paideia (Lernen, Formen, Bilden, Kultur, Humanitt) in Zentrum der Philosophie. Fr homo-mensura-Philosophie entscheidend ist Analepse (ungefiltertes Aufnehmen) im Gegensatz zur Paralipse (filterndes Auslassen). La Mettrie ist ein wichtiger Vertreter der homo-mensura-Philosopphie (lhomme machine-lhomme mesure). Als Darwinist (100 Jahre vor Darwin), fr den das Gehirn die mabsetzende lebendige Maschine ist, ist er Vorlufer einer evolutionren Philosophie. Homo-mensura-Philosophie ist (wie Thukydides, einer ihrer Vertreter, sagt) ein Besitz fr immer. In der europischen Philosophie gib t es seit der Zeit der alten Griechen 2 Richtungen (Seiten , Schulen , Parteien, Traditionen ) die theologische und die (medizinisch-) anthropologische - Platon und Demokrit. In dem Satz iatros philosophos isotheos / ein philosophischer Arzt ist gottgleich (corpus Hippocraticum) ist die theologische Seite zugunsten der anthropologischen aufgehoben isotheos heit , dass man einen Gott nicht braucht . Klassisch hat dies Demokrit ausgedrckt Gesundheit erbitten fr sich die Menschen in Gebeten von den Gttern dass sie aber die Macht ber sie in sich selbst haben , wissen sie nicht . (234) (Paideia Sie mssen es lernen . ) Genau dasselbe bedeutet 2000 Jahre spter das Motto des Philosophenarztes Paracelsus Alterius non sit , qui suus esse potest . / Eines anderen (Sklave) sei nicht , wer sein eigener (Herr) sein kann . Das Stichwort fr diese Richtung ist HOMO MENSURA (Ma m, Mastab , Metrum , Dimension ) . Im Bereich der anthropologischen Philosophie ist Eklektizismus ein gegenstandsloser Vorwurf . Im Gegensatz zum gttlichen berma ist menschliches Ma nachweisbar wer in welchem Zusammenhang den Nachweis fhrt , ist nebenschlich . Es geht um die Sache , nicht um Personen . Es geht um Philosophie , nicht um Philosophiegeschichte .Homo mensura (individuell und kollektiv) bedeutet , dass sich die Gegenstnde nach unserer Erkenntnis richten mssen . Kants vielgerhmter Kopernikus ist von Anfang an Grundlage der anthropologischen Philosophie . Das Ma ist das menschliche Gehirn , von La Mettrie Maschine genannt . (Ein 6./7./... Sinn ergbe eine andere Welt , eine 4./5./... Dimension.) Epiktet Nicht die Dinge beeinflussen die Menschen , sondern die Vorstellung von den Dingen. Was unermelich ist , ist dem Menschen nicht zugnglich , so z.

HIV, homosexuality and poverty Essay

Human lives are rented, thus, for every action there is a solution that must be paid. At the analogous time, life should be maximized before death claims its dues. Just like the craft of Jonathan Larson, the tuneful lease portrays every parting trying to run a risk and create meaning in a life full of cruel realities. Their avant-gardism approach in life revolved on how they battle to make something out of their skills and talents by drawing out their purpose of their life. The musical is a colorful illustration of how the lives of the fight artists are interconnected by the issues of HIV, homosexuality, and poverty.In the middle of a highly urbanized New York, the characters are shaped by their eclectic beliefs and plunged into a never-ending search of their lives purpose. It is depicted in take that the search continues despite of the chaos which encapsulated their am eccentric personions and goals as artists. Their seriousies are further alter because they are part of is sues which set them apart from the society, making it harder for them to survive in the corporate environment of New York. RENT centralized the characters as part of the marginalized sector of the society.Their lives revolved around coping with sexually transmitted disease, fighting off the taboos of same sex relationships, and the miserable impoverished state of their residence. As the characters battled against these circumstances, the bosh continues to focus on the bonds of their friendship and unrequited love. The issues of STD, poverty, and homosexuality are central to the plot of the musical and portrayed how the characters revolved around these aspects. Four of the characters namely Roger, Mimi, Tom, and Angel are all HIV positive.Though masked by their lively and merry performances and songs, theyve been struggling with the illness as its effects are felt by the time it slowly robbed them off their loved-ones lives. Based on the necessitate, it gives the impression that H IV is prevalent in the community where they live in. HIV somehow symbolizes the illness that surrounds the characters, their illness to survive and thrive for lifes purpose. The scene of the second Life Support run into showed other HIV positives, asking how they ought to move on with their life even though their days are numbered.Amidst the experiences of being sick, the Life Support group comfort holds importance for self-preservation. To pursue a life of dignity despite of the prejudices and judgments that should be dealt with having sexually transmitted disease. They openly expressed their fear of isolation and death itself as the disease slowly eats them up inside. HIV is presented as a disease which penetrates into society as a challenge to preserve their lives and change their empty life. Two pairs of characters are engaged in same-sex relationship.The open-mindedness displayed by people in East Side Manhattan as bohemians when they tolerated this relationship despite of i t as being considered a taboo in the society, was portrayed in the movie. Homosexuality is being exercised freely in the community where the characters moved around. One can see that the other soul within the same-sex relationship portrays a character to become similar with heterosexual relationship more. Such example of this would be the cross-dresser Angel and the lawyer Joanne who attired in coat and tie.Though affections are openly exchanged in the same-sex relationship, the idea of cross-dressing for a man to look like a woman and vice-versa, is a way they used to blend into the society just like normal couple. The film portrayed that it was easier for the characters of Maureen and Joanne, and Tom and Angel to be homosexual couples when one of them dress the part. It can be seen how societys opinions against homosexual have been prevalent and by portraying some of the characters as cross-dressers, it made the homosexual relationships a bit subtle.RENT , first and foremost re volved around the lofty apartment wherein the characters lived in. They faced the danger of having their home being evicted due to the plans of building a digital studio and an extra lot. From the film, the East Side Manhattan is a residence to a lot of people struggling financially, and spiritually. Its impoverished state will be aggravated when Benny announced their eviction and he gave the condition to his friends that the rent will be free if Maureens protest will be stopped.As the story progressed revolving on this particular plot, the sceneries in the musical showed a great amount of poverty surrounding the apartment and Maureen knows that building the digital studio entails a break of a lot of the residents leaving no place for them to consider as home. It can be said that poverty, in the musical, has been presented as the root cause of the artists get by to hopefully uplift themselves not just from the slums they live in but from the restless lifestyle that they have.Their struggles to carry out their ambitions equates with their impoverished soul that hungers for direction and maven out of life. It presented a gap as well between Mark, Roger, and Benny. Having married the daughters landowner, Benny alleviated from the kind of life that he overlap with his former roommates. In a scene where all of them are inside Life Cafe, Benny told them to steer their life into purpose by making a move that showed maturity and responsibility, not the same laid-back attitudes that most of the character has.To alleviate from poverty, it is the same as finding direction in life. RENT is by all odds a mirror of life itself, for all of us share the same struggles to be as carefree as we can and at the same time, to find our place in this world. The musical touched the realities which every human being may encounter, in a certain way or another. The importance that this film has pointed out is that the rented life that God bestowed should be felt in its full advantag e.An individuals role in the earth may be difficult to achieve because this is not a tangible thing that can be grasped by hand or can be seen by the naked eye. RENT focused on the concept that life can be measured by love. That love can be the very thing that an individual has been searching for all of his or her existence. For love, is one of the things that can not be bought nor rented, it is one of the aspects that can measure the purpose of ones life.

Absorption and Variable Costing

CHAPTER 8 ABSORPTION AND VARIABLE COSTINGLearning Objectives 1. Explain the accounting treatment of unyielding manufacturing overhead under soaking up and variant apostrophizeing. 2. Prep atomic number 18 an income statement under assiduity make uping. 3. Prepare an income statement under variable costing. 4. Reconcile reported income under absorption and variable costing. 5. Explain the implications of absorption and variable costing for cost-volume-profit analysis. 6. Evaluate absorption and variable costing. 7. Explain the rationale behind throughput costing. . Prepare an income statement under throughput costing. Chapter Overview I. Product Cost and Fixed Manufacturing crash A. Absorption-costing income statements B. inconsistent-costing income statements II. Reconciliation of Absorption- and multivariate-Costing Income A. No change in inventory levels B. Increase in inventory levels C. Decrease in inventory levels III. Overall Evaluation of Absorption and Variable Costi ng IV. Throughput Costing Key Lecture Concepts 1.PRODUCT COST AND FIXED MANUFACTURING OVERHEADProduct, or manufacturing, costs are comprised of direct materials, direct labor, variable manufacturing overhead, and fixed manufacturing overhead. The basic difference between absorption and variable costing is the treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead. * With absorption (full) costing, all costs related to the manufacture of a genuine are product costs. Therefore, fixed manufacturing overhead attaches to the units being made and is carried in inventory until the product is sell. * Absorption costing results in the preparation of a conventional income statement. Absorption costing is considered GAAP and is acceptable for tax reporting. * Under variable costing, product cost is comprised solely of variable manufacturing costs. Fixed manufacturing overhead is viewed as a cost of being ready to produce, not an actual ware cost (i. e. , the cost will remain constant no matter how many units are manufactured). * Fixed manufacturing overhead is treated as a extent cost and expensed immediately. * The income statement highlights cost behavior and is presented in a contribution margin format. Variable costing is useful to managers, as it dovetails nicely with cost-volume-profit analysis.2. RECONCILIATION OF ABSORPTION- AND VARIABLE-COSTING INCOME* The difference between the two approaches is the timing of when fixed manufacturing overhead is shown on the income statement when the product is sold under absorption costing and when incurred under variable costing. * The two methods will usually produce different income figures. * No change in inventory production = sales * Under variable costing, all fixed manufacturing overhead is expensed.With absorption costing, the periods fixed overhead flows through to cost of goods sold. * Absorption-costing net income equals variable-costing net income. * Increase in inventory production sales * Under variable costing, all fi xed manufacturing overhead is expensed. With absorption costing, a portion of the periods fixed overhead flows through to cost of goods sold and a portion remains on the balance sheet in inventory. * Absorption-costing net income is greater than variable-costing net income. * Decrease in inventory sales production Under variable costing, all fixed manufacturing overhead is expensed. With absorption costing, as units manufactured in a prior period are sold, an derive greater than the current periods fixed overhead flows through to cost of goods sold. * Absorption-costing net income is less than variable-costing net income. * The difference between absorption- and variable-costing income figures can be reconciled as follows Income difference = Inventory change in units x Fixed overhead per unit The difference is likely to be very small over a lengthy time period.3. OVERALL EVALUATION OF ABSORPTION AND VARIABLE COSTING* Pricing decisions * Absorption-cost proponents argue that fixed manufacturing overhead is a necessary production cost. Excluding this particle from the inventoried cost of a product will understate the goods cost, which is troublesome for companies that use cost-based pricing techniques. * Variable-cost proponents argue that variable cost is better for pricing decisions. Any scathe above a goods variable cost results in a positive contribution margin for the company. Many firms use variable costing for internal-reporting purposes. Given that absorption costing must be employed for external financial reporting, companies can use both methods by making several simple end-of-period adjustments. 1 If a company operates in a just-in-time environment, inventories are kept very low and there will be little change in inventory from period to period. Thus, the income differences between absorption and variable costing will normally be insignificant.4. THROUGHPUT COSTING Throughput costing assigns only the unit-level spending for direct costs as the cos t of products or services. * A unit-level cost is incurred every time that a unit of product is manufactured. * All costs other than the throughput cost are considered to be direct expenses of the period. * Proponents of throughput costing argue that this procedure eliminates the incentive to produce excess inventory because all non-throughput costs are expensed regardless of manufacturing volume.

Dynamis Fund case study Essay

Comp bed to individual portfolios, such monetary resource woo investors by proposeing several advantages namely professed(prenominal) asset/money management, liquidity and more diversification than most individuals can create or afford in a personal portfolio. The brokerage houses motivation in recommending energy enthronizations can be explained by the high com foreign mission that could be earned. Hedge pecuniary resource charge a fee for assets to a lower place management and incentive fees based on a certain percentage of the net income earned. With good stock picking, the brokerage would be adequate to(p) to earn profits in both up and down marts.A regional broker would want to offer parry monetary resource because they are only lightly adjust and thus the monetary fund managers can use more advanced investment strategies such as a leveraged and derivatives slips. It is stated in their selling memorandum that their mission is to exploit investment opportunities in publicly traded companies in the energy sector. Hence, the fund seeks to generate above average returns relative to both S&P zip composite and the broader market through a variety of investmentinstruments. Also, the funds use of various strategies will be designed to minimize luck while maximizing potential return, again increasing the commission that could be paid to the hedge fund managers. This potentially high level of compensation helps the brokerage retain talented brokers and specialists, raising the reputation of the firm. Furthermore, place in energy funds serves as a diversification tool. This is because from historical records, energy prices have had a high correlation with inflation.In times of rising inflation, energy funds have been found to perform better than the market. Thus, they are able to act as a source of risk diversification. This explains the presence of a market for such energy funds. 1 In addition, energy funds have been a actually popular fund with inv estors. The high dependence on oil in all parts of the world has made energy stocks a hedge for acclivitous market portfolios. With a demand for such energy stocks, a regional brokerage will want to cash in on this opportunity and offer energy funds.In order to cater to a larger crowd of investors, the brokerage firm will offer energy hedge funds to educate investors and energy mutual fund to general public who will like to invest in energy fund, but are unable to do so given their smaller amount of capital. Investing in energy funds is often complicated and risky, given the volatility of such commodities. Brokerage firms have a fiduciary responsibility to research on such funds before recommending them to their clients. They have to ascertain if the investments are suitable for the clients based on their age, investment encounter and tolerance for risk.In view of this, investors prefer a firm that can provide them with personalized services suited to their needs and risk toleran ces. To be able to get these services, most of these investors go to regional brokerage firms. Such regional brokerages can deliver the attention to their clients due to their small size. Thus, with such demand in energy funds, regional brokerage firms would be able to make a profit out of offering such instruments. It will allow them to better position themselves in the market. 2.Why did S&S start a hedge fund in addition to its energy portfolio The Energy portfolio is essentially a enormous equity fund for investors to buy stocks. It is stated that in their selling memorandum that the Energy Portfolio will seek to earn above average returns by investing in smaller and medium-size companies that are growing earnings and cash flow in a dramatic way. Therefore, it can only stand to gain when the market goes up. On the other hand, the introduction of the hedge fund will provide benefits to both its investors and the fund manager in the following ways 2For the investors, the hedge fun d acts as a better investment for reaping returns in both bull and bear markets by having both long and diddle positions. Also, hedge funds are lightly regulated as compared to mutual funds and thus the fund managers can pursue more advanced and a wider range of strategies including leverages, derivatives, short sales, options and futures contracts. The flexibility in managing the hedge funds allows fund managers to exploit opportunities within the energy sector. The potentially higher returns attract investors with higher risk tolerance.Hedge funds cater to sophisticated investors who earn a minimum amount of money annually and have a certain amount of net worth, along with investment knowledge. It helps to cater to the needs of the sophisticated investors and target a substantially different market from the mutual funds. This is in line with S&Ss collective strategy of providing the best possible service to its retail customers and continuing to grow the asset management busines s. As for the fund managers, a hedge fund provides a radically different incentive package than the typical mutual fund.The fees paid by investors are higher as compared to that for mutual funds, including additional fees that mutual funds do not charge. There are no restrictions on the fees a hedge fund manager can charge, as compared to mutual fund fees which are regulated and transparent. The energy hedge fund charges a 1% management fee, which is for the same service that the management fee covers in mutual funds. This fee all may form a substantial part of the fund managers profit, thus making the management of the hedge fund attractive to the fund manager.

History of Translation Short

HISTORY OF TRANSL. St. Jerome-bible into Latin 14/ 15 century Chrystus z martwych wstal jest Psalterz florianski/ krol. Jadwigi- in 3 lang. Zoltarz dawidow- W. Wrobel, clumsy, latin syntax Only religious txts 16 cent. first secular lit. Development of pl lang New testament by St. Murzynowski 1st full tr. of bible by Jan Wojekyou fundament borrow some things from previous tr. if are good Leonard z Bonczyhistoryja Aleksandra Wlk. .. Biernat z lbn Raj duszny, Ezops fables Jan z Koszczek Rozmowy kt mial krol Salomon.. 17 cent.Lukasz Gornicki Dworzanin polski Sep Sarzynski-paraphrasing songs Jan Kochanowski Psalterz Dawidow Andrzej Kochanowski- Wirgiliusz, Eneida Baroque nothing important Enlightened Developng of tr. ease tr. Polonisations Intermediere tr. Beginnning of tr. tech. Translator as a canon builder Bohomolec-tr. demand more work than original St. Kostka Potocki-prawdziwa sztuka to przekladanie, nie tr. Fr. Ks. Dmochowski- Homer, Milton W. Boguslawski Hamlet Adam Mick iewicz Giaur G. Byron Leon Borowski- rules of faithfull tr. J.Slowacki- Ksiaze niezlomny v. vague, far from orig. 19 cent. J. Paszkowski, St. Kozmian, L. Urlich- Shakespeare C. K. Norwid Dante Comedies- v. much of his modality Positivism- Victorian lit. Fin de siecle Openess for tr. Zenon Przesmycki Poes poetry Leopold Staff- versatile tr. Boleslaw Lesmian-Poes tales T. Boy Zelenski- Balzac, Proust 20 cent. Julian Tuwim- russian poetry Czeslaw Milosz- The waist land T. S. Elliot after warfare period publishing with cuts censorship authors tr works bec they couldnt publish their own lit. M. Dabrowska 50 tr. th O. Lukasiewicz, R. Ingarden, Z. Klemensiewicz 70 magic realism polemics, criticizm M. SlomczynskiAlice , Shakespeare after 1989 trends in tr. St. Baranczak ENGLAND big businessman Alfred Aelfric G. Chaucer-fr. Works William Caxton- fr. txt William Tyndale- Bible, wide spectrum of styles, specific structure and rythm FRANCE Charles V- infavour of tr. Jacque Amyat- the prince of tr. , rewival of tr. , making txt beautiful Nicolas dAbencourt- belle infidele Pierre le Tournier- Biblie